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The history of the Burgundy vineyard is still too often surrounded by a scent of eternity, where the terroir almost systematically relates to a linear and anecdotal past suggesting that between the Middle Ages of dukes and abbeys of our 21st century, the vineyard would ultimately have changed very little. To put an end to this conception of history, this work aims to return to the crucial and yet poorly known periods of history of the construction of the Burgundy wine territories, which are the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. For 150 years, Burgundy winegrowers, associated with wine unions, will gradually transform the standards of production and marketing of wines and their region. Thanks to their actions and their struggles, wine organizations then impose on the trade and consumers a very hierarchical and delimited vision of the vineyard. They will politically, economically, legally and culturally shape the terroirs of Burgundy and establish, from 1935, the original and ultimately very modern system.